Seismic fragility of reinforced concrete buildings with hollow-core flooring systems
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.1634Abstract
Hollow-core flooring systems were damaged in Wellington buildings during the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake (7.8 Mw) and have been shown to be susceptible to undesirable failure mechanisms (loss of seating, negative moment, and positive moment failure modes) at low drift demands. These undesirable damage mechanisms have also been observed in sub-assembly and super-assembly laboratory testing of hollow-core flooring systems and the test data obtained has enhanced the state-of-the-art knowledge of the probable seismic behaviour of hollow-core floor units. In this study, using currently available sub-assembly test data, fragility functions are defined for hollow-core flooring systems. Furthermore, the proposed fragility functions are combined with fragility information derived from nonlinear dynamic analyses for two eight-storey bare-frame reinforced concrete (RC) buildings designed based on New Zealand standards. This study shows that, in comparison with RC buildings with flooring systems that are not susceptible to gravity load failures, RC buildings with vulnerable hollow-core floors have a significantly higher likelihood of exceeding the collapse prevention limit state, as defined in this study.
References
Henry RS, Dizhur D, Elwood KJ, Hare J and Brunsdon D (2017). “Damage to concrete buildings with precast floors during the 2016 Kaikoura earthquake”. Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering, 50(2): 174–186. https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.2.174-186 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.50.2.174-186
Bradley BA, Razafindrakoto HNT and Polak V (2017). “Ground-motion observations from the 14 November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikoura, New Zealand, earthquake and insights from broadband simulations”. Seismological Research Letters, 740–756. https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160225 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1785/0220160225
MBIE. (2018). Seismic Assessment of Existing Buildings—Section C5: Concrete Buildings. Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, Wellington, NZ.
FEMA (2009). FEMA P695—Quantification of Building Performance Factors. Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC, USA
Standards New Zealand (2006). NZS3101:2006—Concrete Structures Standard. Standards New Zealand, Wellington, NZ.
Standards New Zealand (2004). NZS1170.5—Part 5: Earthquake Actions—New Zealand. Standards New Zealand, Wellington, NZ.
Jensen JP, Bull DK and Pampanin S (2007). “Experimental investigation of existing hollowcore seating connection seismic behaviour pre and post retrofit intervention”. NZSEE Annual Conference, Palmerston North, NZ.
Woods LJ, Fenwick RC and Bull DK (2008). “Seismic performance of hollow-core flooring: The significance of negative bending moments”. NZSEE Annual Conference, 11-13 April, Wairakei, NZ.
Carr A (2018). Ruaumoko 3D - Inelastic Dynamic Analysis Software. Carr Research Ltd.
Carr A (2013). Ruaumoko Manual—Volume 3. Carr Research Ltd.
Priestley MJN, Calvi GM and Kowalsky MJ (2007). Displacement Based Seismic Design of Structures. IUSS Press, Pavia, Italy.
Montejo LA and Kowalsky MJ (2007). CUMBIA: Set of Codes for the Analysis of Reinforced Concrete Members. North Carolina State University.
Pinto PE (1997). “Seismic design of RC structures for controlled inelastic response”. CEB Bulletin No. 236.
Standards New Zealand (2002). NZS 1170.0—Part 0: General Principles—New Zealand. Standards New Zealand, Wellington, NZ.
Elwood KJ, Matamoros AB, Wallace JW, Lehman DE, Heintz JA, Mitchell AD and Moore MA (2007). “Update to ASCE/SEI 41 Concrete Provisions”. Earthquake Spectra, 23(3): 493–523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/1.2757714
ASCE (2017). Seismic Assessment and Retrofit of Existing Buildings Standard ASCE/SEI 41-17. American Society of Civil Engineers, USA, 550 pp.
Carr A (2016). Ruaumoko Manual—Volume 5: Appendices, Strength and Stiffness Degradation. Carr Research Ltd.
Dwairi HM, Kowalsky MJ and Nau JM (2007). “Equivalent damping in support of direct displacement-based design”. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 11(4): 512–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460601033884 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632460601033884
Haselton CB and Deierlein GG (2008). “Assessing Seismic Collapse Safety of Modern Reinforced Concrete Moment-Frame Buildings”. PEER Report 2007/08, Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Centre, USA. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/40944(249)22
Fardis MN (2009). Seismic Design, Assessment and Retrofitting of Concrete Buildings: Based on EN-Eurocode 8. Springer, 744 pp. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9842-0
Haselton CB, Liel AB, Taylor-Lange SC and Deierlein GG (2016). “Calibration of model to simulate response of reinforced concrete beam-columns to collapse”. ACI Structural Journal, 113(6). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/51689245
Tarbali K and Bradley BA (2015). “Ground motion selection for scenario ruptures using the generalised conditional intensity measure (GCIM) method”. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 44(10): 1601–1621. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2546 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.2546
Yeow TZ, Orumiyehei A, Sullivan TJ, MacRae GA, Clifton GC and Elwood KJ (2018). “Seismic performance of steel friction connections considering direct-repair costs”. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 16(12): 5963–5993. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0421-x DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-0421-x
Galanis PH and Moehle JP (2015). “Development of collapse indicators for risk assessment of older-type reinforced concrete buildings”. Earthquake Spectra, 31(4): 1991–2006. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/080613EQS225M
Sattar S and Liel AB (2016). “Seismic performance of nonductile reinforced concrete frames with masonry infill walls—II: Collapse assessment”. Earthquake Spectra, 32(2): 819–842. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/091514eqs141m
Sengupta P and Li B (2016). “Seismic fragility assessment of lightly reinforced concrete structural walls”. Journal of Earthquake Engineering, 20(5): 809–840. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2015.1104755 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13632469.2015.1104755
Marder K, Motter C, Elwood KJ and Clifton GC (2018). “Testing of 17 identical ductile reinforced concrete beams with various loading protocols and boundary conditions”. Earthquake Spectra, 34(3): 1025–1049. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1193/101717EQS215DP
Jalayer F and Cornell CA (2009). “Alternative non-linear demand estimation methods for probability-based seismic assessments”. Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics, 38(8): 951–972. https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.876 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/eqe.876
Baker JW (2014). "Efficient analytical fragility function fitting using dynamic structural analysis". Earthquake Spectra, 35: 1077–1095.
Matthews J (2004). Hollow-Core Floor Slab Performance Following a Severe Earthquake. PhD Dissertation, Department of Civil Engineering, University of Canterbury. https://ir.canterbury.ac.nz/handle/10092/12896
MacPherson C (2005). Seismic Performance and Forensic Analysis of a Precast Concrete Hollow-Core Floor Super-Assemblage. Master Thesis, University of Canterbury.
Corney SR, Ingham JM and Henry RS (2018). "Seismic testing of support connections in deep hollow-core floor units". ACI Structural Journal, 115(3): 735–748. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/51702062
Corney SR, Puranam AY, Elwood KJ, Henry RS and Bull D (2021). "Seismic performance of precast hollow-core floors: Part 1-Experimental data". ACI Structural Journal, 118(5): 49–63. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359//51732821
Puranam AY, Corney SR, Elwood KJ, Henry RS and Bull D (2021). "Seismic performance of precast hollow-core floors: Part 2–Assessment of existing buildings". ACI Structural Journal, 118(5). DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/51732822
Buker F, Brooke NJ, Elwood KJ, Bull DK, Hogan LS and Parr M (2021). “Development and validation of retrofit techniques for hollow-core floors”. Proceedings of the 2021 Annual SESOC Conference. Claudelands, Hamilton, NZ.
