Structural fuses and concrete-filled steel shapes for seismic and multi-hazard resistant design
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.44.1.45-52Abstract
Bridges are built in a variety of locations, many of which are susceptible to multiple extreme hazards (earthquakes, vehicle collisions, tsunamis or storm surges, and blasts as a minimum for some locations). In addition, they must be built to achieve the objectives of both accelerated bridge construction (ABC) and rapid return to service following a disaster. Meeting some or all of these demands/objectives drives the development of innovative multi-hazard design concepts. This paper presents recent research on structural fuses and concrete-filled steel shapes strategies developed for this purpose. The structural fuse concept considered here for seismic resistance was developed and experimentally validated for implementation in a composite multi-column pier using double composite rectangular columns of Bi-Steel panels. Experimental results from another series of tests on the blast resistance of concrete-filled-steel-tubes support the blast resistance of the concept. In parallel, the development and design of a conceptual multi-hazard resistant steel plate shear wall box pier concept considered each of the four aforementioned hazards by use of simplified analyses for design, and of advanced nonlinear finite element analyses to confirm that the proposed steel plate shear wall box system provides adequate ductile performance and strength for each of the hazards.
References
Huang, Y. et al. (1994). "Damage tolerant structures with hysteretic dampers." Journal of Structural Engineering 40: 221-234.
Fellow, J. et al. (1997). "Damage-controlled structures. I: Preliminary design methodology for seismically active regions." Journal of Structural Engineering 123: 423.
Vargas, R. and M. Bruneau (2006). "Analytical Investigation of the Structural Fuse Concept." Report No. MCEER-06 4.
Vargas, R. and M. Bruneau (2006). "Experimental Investigation of the Structural Fuse Concept." Report No. MCEER-06 5.
Kasai, K. and E. Popov (1986). "Cyclic web buckling control for shear link beams." Journal of Structural Engineering 112(3): 505-523. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9445(1986)112:3(505)
Engelhardt, M. and E. Popov (1989). "Behavior of long links in eccentrically braced frames." Report No. UCB/EERC-89 1.
Berman, J. and M. Bruneau (2007). "Experimental and analytical investigation of tubular links for eccentrically braced frames." Engineering Structures 29(8): 1929- 1938. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.10.012
Saeki, E. et al. (1995). "Experimental study on practical-scale unbonded braces." Journal of Structural and Constructional Engineering, Architectural Institute of Japan 476: 149-158.
Hasegawa, H. et al. (1999). "Experimental study on dynamic behavior of unbonded-braces." Journal of Architecture 114(1448): 103-106.
Iwata, M. et al. (2000). "Buckling-Restrained Braces as Hysteretic Dampers," in Behavior of Steel Structures in Seismic Areas, STESSA, pp. 33-38.
Black, C. et al. (2002). Component testing, stability analysis and characterization of buckling-restrained unbonded braces: Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Center.
Lopez, W. et al. (2002). "Lessons learned from large-scale tests of unbonded braced frame subassemblage," in Proceedings 71st Annual Convention, Structural Engineers Association of California, Sacramento, California, pp. 171-183.
Sabelli, R. et al. (2003). "Seismic demands on steel braced frame buildings with buckling-restrained braces." Engineering Structures 25(5): 655-666. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-0296(02)00175-X
López, W. and R. Sabelli (2004). "Seismic design of buckling-restrained braced frames." Steel Tips, Structural Steel Education Council (www. steeltips. org).
Mamoru Iwata, M.M. (2006). "Buckling-restrained brace using steel mortar planks; performance evaluation as a hysteretic damper," vol. 35, ed, pp. 1807-1826.
Fujimoto, M. et al. (1988). "A study on the unbonded brace encased in buckling-restraining concrete and steel tube." Journal of Structural and Construction Engineering, AIJ 34: 249-258.
Reina, P. and D. Normile (1997). "Fully braced for seismic survival." Engineering News-Record: 34–36.
Aiken, I. et al. (2002). "Large-Scale Testing of Buckling Restrained Braced Frames," in Proceedingsof the Japan Passive Control Symposium, Japan, pp. 35-44.
Clark, P. et al. (2000). "Large-scale testing of steel unbonded braces for energy dissipation," in Proceedings of the Structural Congress, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/40492(2000)12
ATC (1992). "Guidelines for Seismic Testing of Components of Steel Structures Report-24," Redwood City, CA.
Bowerman, H. et al. (1999). "Bi-Steel design and construction guide." British Steel Ltd, Scunthorpe (London).
Bruneau, M. and J. Marson (2004). "Seismic design of concrete-filled circular steel bridge piers." Journal of Bridge Engineering 9(1): 24-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1084-0702(2004)9:1(24)
Fujikura, S. et al. (2008). "Experimental Investigation of Multihazard Resistant Bridge Piers Having Concrete-Filled Steel Tube under Blast Loading." Journal of Bridge Engineering 13: 586.
Fujikura, S. et al. (2007). "Experimental Investigation of Blast Performance of Seismically Resistant Concrete-Filled Steel Tube Bridge Piers," Technical Report MCEER-07-0005, MCEER, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
Fujikura, S. and M. Bruneau (2008). "Experimental Investigation of Blast Performance of Seismically Resistant Reinforced Concrete and Steel Jacketed Bridge Piers," Technical Report MCEER-08-0028, MCEER, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
Ettouney, M. et al. (2005). "Theory of multihazards for bridge structures." Bridge Structures: Assessment, Design and Construction 1(3): 281-291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15732480500275539
Bruneau, M. (2007). "The 4 R's of Resilience and Multi-Hazard Engineering (The Meta-Concept of Resilience)," AEI/MCEER/Steel Institute of NY Symposium on Emerging Developments in Multihazards Engineering. New York City, NY.
FEMA (2004). "Design Guide for Improving School Safety in Earthquakes, Floods, and High Winds. ," ed: Federal Emergency Management Agency. Washington, DC.
Keller, D. and M. Bruneau (2008). "Development of a steel plate shear wall bridge pier system conceived from a multi-hazard perspective." Technical Report MCEER-08-0030, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY.
Mast, R. et al. (1996). "Seismic Design of Bridges Design Example No. 2: Three-Span Continuous Steel Girder Bridge," Federal Highway Administration FHWA-SA-97-007.
AASHTO (2007). "AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications: Customary U.S. Units - 4th Edition." American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials. Washington, DC.
SAP2000 (2007). "SAP2000 v.11.0.0." Computer and Structures, Inc., Berkeley, CA.
Sabelli, R. and M. Bruneau (2006). Steel Plate Shear Walls: AISC Steel Design Guide.
ABAQUS (2004). "ABAQUS/CAE (version 6.5.1)." ABAQUS, Inc. Pawtucket, Rhode Island.
FEMA (2000). "FEMA 55 - Coastal Construction Manual," 3 ed.
CCH (2000). Department of Planning and Permitting of Honolulu Hawaii. City and County of Honolulu Building Code. Chapter 16 Article 11.
