Future developments in performance-based seismic design and related qualification of post-installed anchors in New Zealand
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.1658Abstract
Performance-based seismic design of post-installed anchors needs the development of a new framework that can provide tools for designers to anticipate a realistic concrete-anchor system damage in seismic design scenarios relevant for New Zealand. Seismic capacity of anchors is not available for performance-based seismic design from anchor qualification methods considered currently as state-of-the-art. An outlook is provided in this article for the potential first steps in future developments based on a comprehensive assessment of the current state-of-the-art design and qualification approaches, incorporating a novel holistic framework proposed for post-installed anchor seismic performance.
References
Borosnyoi-Crawley D (2024). “Developing seismic design and assessment guidance for post-installed fasteners in Aotearoa New Zealand”. SESOC Journal, 37(2): 67-83. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4977534 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4977534
Borosnyoi-Crawley D (2025). “Towards the performance-based seismic design of post-installed anchor connections”. SESOC Journal, 38(1): 39-46.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5258017 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5258017
Borosnyoi-Crawley D (2025). “Performance-based seismic design of post-installed anchors in New Zealand”. NZSEE 2025 Annual Conference, 8-10 April, Auckland, NZ, Paper No 18, 14 pp. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5183075 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5183075
EOTA (2016). “TR 049 - Post-Installed Fasteners in Concrete under Seismic Action”. Technical Report, European Organisation for Technical Assessment, 44 pp.
https://www.eota.eu/technical-reports
Borosnyoi-Crawley D (2024). “Paradigm change in the seismic design of post-installed fasteners in New Zealand”. SESOC Journal, 37(1): 40-61.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4977518 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4977518
Standards New Zealand (2006). “NZS 3101: 2006 Concrete Structures Standard. Part 1: The Design of Concrete Structures. Part 2: Commentary on the Design of Concrete Structures”. New Zealand Standard, incorporating Amendment No. 1, 2, and 3 (August 2017), 723 pp.
EOTA (2013). “ETAG 001 - Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete, Annex E: Assessment of Metal Anchors under Seismic Action” (Superseded Document)
EOTA (2013). “TR 045 - Design of Metal Anchors for Use in Concrete under Seismic Actions”. (Superseded Document).
CEN (2018). “EN 1992-4:2018 Eurocode 2 - Design of Concrete Structures - Part 4: Design of Fastenings for Use in Concrete”. European Standard, 127 pp.
CEN (2002). “EN 1990:2002 +A1 Eurocode - Basis of structural design”. European Standard, 116 pp.
CEN (2023). “EN 1992-1-1:2023 Eurocode 2 - Design of Concrete Structures - Part 1-1: General Rules and Rules for Buildings, Bridges and Civil Engineering Structures”. European Standard, 402 pp.
CEN (2024). “EN 1998-1-1:2024 Eurocode 8 - Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance - Part 1-1: General Rules and Seismic Action”. European Standard, 123 pp.
CEN (2004). “EN 1998-1:2004 Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance - Part 1: General Rules, Seismic Actions and Rules for Buildings”. European Standard, 229 pp.
Borosnyoi-Crawley D (2024). “Prediction of crack widths in NZS 3101 and its significance in the seismic design of connections”. NZSEE Annual Conference, 9-11 April, Wellington, NZ, Paper No. 10, 16 pp.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4977532 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4977532
Borosnyoi-Crawley D (2024). “Seismic design of post-installed fasteners in New Zealand”. Concrete New Zealand Annual Conference, 14 November, Christchurch, NZ, Paper No. 526, 10. pp. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5035731 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5035731
Borosnyoi-Crawley D (2024). “The New Zealand Connection Design Loop for Post-installed Fasteners”. Technical Infographic, BCR Consulting Ltd. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4886909
https://ssrn.com/abstract=4886909
Standards New Zealand (2004). “NZS 1170.5:2004 Structural Design Actions. Part 5: Earthquake Actions – New Zealand”. New Zealand Standard, incorporating Amendment No. 1 (September 2016), 82 pp.
MBIE (2023). “NZBC B1 AS/VM Acceptable Solutions and Verification Methods for New Zealand Building Code Clause B1 Structure”. 1st Ed., Amd 21, 2 November. https://www.building.govt.nz/building-code-compliance/b-stability/b1-structure
Kazantzi AK, Karaferis ND, Melissianos VE and Vamvatsikos D (2024). “Acceleration‑sensitive ancillary elements in industrial facilities: Alternative seismic design approaches in the new Eurocode”. Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, 22(1): 109-132.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01656-4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-023-01656-4
Mahrenholtz P (2012). “Experimental performance and recommendations for qualification of post-installed anchors for seismic applications”. PhD Dissertation, University of Stuttgart, Germany, 345 pp. https://doi.org/10.18419/opus-477
Mahrenholtz P, Hutchinson TC and Eligehausen R (2012). “Shake Table Tests on Anchors Connecting Suspended Components to Cyclically Cracked Concrete”. Structural Systems Research Project, Report No. SSRP-12/01, University of California, San Diego, 344 pp.
Eligehausen R, Mallée R and Silva JF (2006). “Anchorage in Concrete Construction”. Wiley, 391 pp.
Mahrenholtz P and Eligehausen R (2016). “Anchor displacement behaviour during simultaneous load and crack cycling”. ACI Structural Journal, 113(5): 645-652. https://doi.org/10.14359/51689109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/51689109
Frosch RJ (1999). “Another look at cracking and crack control in reinforced concrete”. ACI Structural Journal, 96(3): 437-442. https://doi.org/10.14359/679 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/679
Borosnyoi-Crawley D (2023). “Crack Width in NZS 3101:2006 New Zealand Concrete Standard – Model Calibration and Sensitivity Analysis”. Technical Report, BCR Consulting Ltd, 93 pp.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4547572 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4547572
Sakalauskas K. Borosnyoi-Crawley D and Kaklauskas G (2025). “Accuracy of crack width predictions for reinforced concrete bending members by state-of-the-art models, including EC2 2023 and Model Code 2020”. The 2nd International RILEM Conference on Early-Age and Long-Term Cracking in RC Structures Katowice, Poland, 11-12 September, 12 pp.
https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5271677 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.5271677
McLeod CH (2019). “Model Uncertainty in the Prediction of Crack Widths in Reinforced Concrete Structures and Reliability Implications”. PhD Dissertation, Stellenbosch University, 212 pp.
https://scholar.sun.ac.za/server/api/core/bitstreams/9ad60e4d-431e-4418-8c74-9e9a611cd255/content
Wood RL, Hutchinson TC and Hoehler MS (2010). “Cyclic Load and Crack Protocols for Anchored Non-structural Components and Systems”. Structural Systems Research Project, Report No. SSRP-2009/12, University of California, San Diego, 229 pp.
Standards New Zealand (2024). “DZ TS 1170.5:2024 Draft New Zealand Technical Specification. Structural Design Actions. Part 5: Earthquake Actions – New Zealand”. Public Consultation Draft, Standards New Zealand, 15 February, 126 pp.
Mahrenholtz P and Borosnyoi-Crawley D (2024). “Seismic C2 performance of post-installed fasteners in tension: Low-strength undercut anchor compared to other anchor types”. fib Symposium 2024 ReConStruct, 11-13 November, Christchurch, NZ, Paper No. 153, 8 pp. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.33178.25287
Watkins DA and Hutchinson TC (2011). “Seismic Behaviour of Anchored Non-structural Components Considering the Influence of Cyclic Cracks: Experimental Program”. Structural Systems Research Project, Report No. SSRP-2010/07, University of California, San Diego, 469 pp.
Hoehler MS (2006). “Behaviour and Testing of Fastenings to Concrete for Use in Seismic Applications”. PhD Dissertation, University of Stuttgart, Germany, 261 pp.
https://doi.org/10.18419/opus-239
Watkins DA, Hutchinson TC and Hoehler MS (2012). “Cyclic crack and inertial loading system for investigating anchor seismic behaviour”. ACI Structural Journal, 109(4): 457-466. https://doi.org/10.14359/51683865 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/51683865
Mahrenholtz P, Hutchinson TC and Eligehausen R (2014). “Shake table tests on suspended non-structural components anchored in cyclically cracked concrete”. ASCE Journal of Structural Engineering, 140(11): 1-11.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000979 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0000979
Mahrenholtz P, Eligehausen R, Hutchinson TC and Hoehler MS (2016). “Behaviour of post-installed anchors tested by stepwise increasing cyclic load protocols”. ACI Structural Journal, 113(5): 997-1008.
https://doi.org/10.14359/51689023 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/51689023
Mahrenholtz C, Eligehausen R, Hutchinson TC and Hoehler MS (2017). “Behaviour of post-installed anchors tested by stepwise increasing cyclic crack protocols”. ACI Structural Journal, 114(3): 621-630.
https://doi.org/10.14359/51689431 DOI: https://doi.org/10.14359/51689431
Mahrenholtz P (2025). Personal communication of unpublished experimental data.
